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Abstract Background Exercise training (ET) is an adjunctive treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its consequences. However, the effects of exercise on heart remodeling are unknown in the population with OSA. Objective We investigated the effect of ET on markers of diastolic function, sleep parameters, and functional capacity in patients with OSA. Methods Sedentary patients with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI ≥15 events/hr) were randomly assigned to untrained (n=18) and trained (n=20) strategies. Polysomnography, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and echocardiography were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. ET consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, resistance exercises, and flexibility training (72 sessions, completed in 11.65±0.86 months). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05 for all analyses. Result Thirty-eight patients were included (AHI:45±29 events/hr, age:52±7 y, body mass index: 30±4 kg/m2). They had similar baseline parameters. ET caused a significant change in OSA severity (AHI:4.5±18 versus -5.7±13 events/hr; arousal index:1.5±8 versus -6.1±13 events/hr, in untrained and trained groups respectively, p<0.05). The trained patients had an increase in functional capacity after intervention. ET improved isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT, untrained=6.5±17.3 versus trained=-5.1±17.1 msec, p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between changes in IVRT and arousal index in the trained group (r =-0.54, p<0.05). No difference occurred in the other diastolic function parameters evaluated. Conclusion ET promotes modest but significant improvement in AHI, functional capacity, and cardiac IVRT, a validated parameter of diastolic function.
RESUMO
Relato do caso de mulher de 74 anos, com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e insuficiência vascular periférica, que apresentou sintomas de síndrome coronariana aguda. A angiografia coronariana demonstrou artérias sem obstruções significativas. A ventriculografia e a ecocardiografia demonstraram acinesia dos segmentos médios e apicais, e hipercinesia dos segmentos basais do ventrículo esquerdo. A paciente evoluiu com recuperação completa da função global e motilidade segmentar em ecocardiografia realizada duas semanas após o início dos sintomas. Esse padrão incomum e reversível de disfunção sistólica e comprometimento segmentar dando ao ventrículo esquerdo forma semelhante a um takotsubo é hoje conhecido como cardiomiopatia do estresse.
This is the report of a 74-year-old female patient with a history of systemic hypertension and peripheral vascular disease who presented acute coronary syndrome symptoms. Coronary angiography showed coronary arteries with no significant obstructions. Ventriculography and echocardiography showed akinesia in mid and apical segments; and hyperkinesia of left ventricle basal segments. Two weeks after the onset of symptoms, a new echocardiogram demonstrated normal global and regional systolic function. The uncommon, reversible pattern for systolic dysfunction and segmental compromising that gives left ventricle a takostubo-like shape is known today as stress cardiomyopathy.